Vladimir
Kristovskiy was born on December 19 in 1975. He
is a famous Russian musician, a leader of music band “Uma2rmaH”. In 1998 he
created a punk-rock band and won a newspaper contest after that his band broke
up. In 2003 Vladimir together with his brother Sergey created a new band which still
exists.
Leonid
Brezhnev (19 December 1906-10 November 1982) was the General Secretary of the Central Committee (CC) of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), presiding over the country from 1964 until his
death in 1982. His eighteen-year term as General Secretary was second only to
that of Joseph Stalin in length. Dring Brezhnev's rule, the global influence of the Soviet Union grew dramatically, in part because of the expansion of the Soviet military during this time, but his tenure as leader has often been criticized for marking the beginning of a period of economic stagnation in which serious economic problems were overlooked, problems which eventually led to the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
Anastasiya Alexandrovna Vertinskaya also was born on the 19th of December. She is a Soviet and Russian actress whose mass popularity and high critical acclaim made her one of the most distinguished figures in the history of Soviet cinema. In the 1990s, disillusioned with the state of cinema at home, she went abroad to teach, spending 12 years in France, England, the United States and Switzerland. In 1988 Vertinskaya was designated a People's Artist of Russia; she is also a recipient of the Order of Honour (2005) and the Order of Friendship (2010).
ReplyDeleteAs a leader, Brezhnev took care to consult his colleagues before acting, but his attempt to govern without meaningful economic reforms led to a national decline by the mid-1970s, a period referred to as the Era of Stagnation. A significant increase in military expenditure, which by the time of Brezhnev's death stood at approximately 15% of the country's GNP, and an aging and ineffective leadership set the stage for a dwindling GNP compared to Western nations. While at the helm of the USSR, Brezhnev pushed for détente between the Eastern and Western countries. His last major decision in power was to send the Soviet military to Afghanistan in an attempt to save the fragile regime which was fighting a war against the mujahideen.
ReplyDeleteGalina Volchek (born December, 19, 1933, Moscow) is a well-known theater and cinema actress and director, the chief director of the "Sovremennik" theater in Moscow, the laureate of many professional and state awards and prizes.
ReplyDeleteCult of personality of Leonid Brezhnev
ReplyDeleteThe last years of Brezhnev's rule were marked by a growing personality cult. His love of medals (he received over 100), was well known, so in December 1966, on his 60th birthday, he was awarded the Hero of the Soviet Union. Brezhnev received the award, which came with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star, three more times in celebration of his birthdays. On his 70th birthday he was awarded the Marshal of the Soviet Union – the highest military honour in the Soviet Union. After being awarded the medal, he attended an 18th Army Veterans meeting, dressed in a long coat and saying; "Attention, Marshal's coming!". He also conferred upon himself the rare Order of Victory in 1978 — the only time the decoration was ever awarded outside of World War II. (This medal was posthumously revoked in 1989 for not meeting the criteria for citation).
Brezhnev's weakness for undeserved medals was proven by his poorly written memoirs recalling his military service during World War II. Despite the apparent weaknesses of his memoirs, they were awarded the Lenin Prize for Literature and were met with critical acclaim by the Soviet press. The book was however followed by two other books, one on the Virgin Lands Campaign.Brezhnev's vanity made him the victim of many political jokes. Nikolai Podgorny warned him of this, but Brezhnev replied, "If they are poking fun at me, it means they like me". It is now believed by Western historians and political analysts that the books were written by some of his "court writers". The memoirs treated the little known and minor Battle of Novorossiysk as the decisive military theatre of World War II.
Brezhnev's personality cult was growing outrageously at a time when his health was in decline. His physical condition was deteriorating; he had become addicted to sleeping pills and had begun drinking to excess and smoking heavily. Over the years he had become overweight. From 1973 until his death, Brezhnev's central nervous system underwent chronic deterioration and he had several minor strokes. When receiving the Order of Lenin, Brezhnev walked shakily and fumbled his words. Yevgeniy Chazov, the Chief of the Fourth Directorate of the Ministry of Health, had to keep doctors by Brezhnev's side at all times, and Brezhnev was brought back from near-death on several occasions. At this time, most senior officers of the CPSU wanted to keep Brezhnev alive, even if such men as Mikhail Suslov, Dmitriy Ustinov and Andrei Gromyko, among others, were growing increasingly frustrated with his policies. However, they did not want to risk a new period of domestic turmoil that might be caused by his death. At about this time First World commentators started guessing Brezhnev's heirs apparent. The most notable candidates were Suslov and Andrei Kirilenko, who were both older than Brezhnev, and Fyodor Kulakov and Konstantin Chernenko, who were younger; Kulakov died of natural causes in 1978.
During the 1970s, Leonid Brezhnev tried to normalize internal and international relations through the policy known as détente. He also built up the USSR’s military-industrial complex, which left much of the rest of the economy deprived. In 1979 Brezhnev signed the arms treaty SALT II with President Jimmy Carter, but the U.S. Senate refused to ratify the treaty, and the USSR invaded Afghanistan.
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